What Is a Home Sleep Apnea Test? How At-Home Sleep Testing Works, What It Measures, and Who Needs One

A home sleep apnea test is a portable diagnostic study that records your breathing patterns, oxygen levels, heart rate, and airflow while you sleep in your own bed. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recognizes home sleep apnea testing as an effective method for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea in adults with a moderate to high pretest probability. This guide is written for anyone who suspects they may have sleep apnea, has been referred for sleep testing by a provider, or is a commercial driver facing DOT screening requirements. You will learn exactly what a home sleep apnea test measures, how it compares to an in-lab sleep study, what the results mean, and how to get tested without insurance hassles. By the end, you will know whether an at-home sleep test is the right next step for you and how to complete one affordably.

Quick Answer

A home sleep apnea test is a portable sleep study you complete in your own bed using a small device that tracks airflow, blood oxygen levels, breathing effort, and heart rate overnight. A physician reviews the recorded data to determine whether you have obstructive sleep apnea and how severe it is. The test is less complex than in-lab polysomnography but is clinically validated for diagnosing moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in most adults. dumbo.health offers a home sleep test for $149 with physician interpretation available through monthly care plans starting at $59 per month.

Key Takeaways

- A home sleep apnea test (HSAT) is a single-night portable study that measures airflow, oxygen saturation, breathing effort, and heart rate while you sleep at home.

- The test is clinically validated for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea but is not recommended for central sleep apnea or other complex sleep disorders.

- Results are reported using the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), where an AHI of 5 or higher with symptoms indicates sleep apnea according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

- home sleep testing typically costs between $149 and $500 out of pocket, compared to $1,000 or more for in-lab polysomnography.

- dumbo.health provides a complete home sleep test for $149 with no insurance required, plus ongoing CPAP therapy and physician oversight starting at $59 per month.

- Approximately 80% of the estimated 30 million Americans with obstructive sleep apnea remain undiagnosed, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, making accessible testing critical.

Understanding the Home Sleep Apnea Test

A home sleep apnea test is a simplified, portable version of an overnight sleep study designed to detect obstructive sleep apnea outside of a sleep lab. Unlike a full polysomnography conducted in a clinical facility, an HSAT focuses specifically on respiratory and cardiovascular signals rather than brain wave activity or limb movements.

Home sleep apnea test is a term used interchangeably with HSAT, home sleep test, and at-home sleep test. All refer to the same category of diagnostic device approved for use in a patient's own sleeping environment. The test records data for one night, and a sleep specialist or physician interprets the results to determine whether obstructive sleep apnea is present and at what severity level.

The concept behind home sleep testing is straightforward. Sleep apnea causes repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, which reduce blood oxygen levels and fragment sleep architecture. A home sleep apnea test captures these events by monitoring airflow through a nasal cannula, oxygen saturation through a finger sensor or pulse oximeter, breathing effort through a chest strap or belt, and heart rate through the same oximeter or a peripheral arterial tone sensor.

The Sleep Foundation explains that home sleep tests have become the most common first-line diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea in adults who do not have significant comorbidities. Their portability and lower cost make them particularly valuable for people who cannot easily access a sleep center in their area.

KEY TAKEAWAY: A home sleep apnea test is a single-night portable study that measures respiratory and cardiovascular signals to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea, offering a practical alternative to in-lab polysomnography for most adults.

Understanding what the test measures is only part of the picture. Knowing exactly how the equipment works gives you confidence before your test night.

How a Home Sleep Apnea Test Works: Equipment, Sensors, and What Gets Measured

A home sleep apnea test works by recording specific physiological signals overnight using a compact, wearable device that you set up yourself before going to bed. The equipment is designed to be simple enough for any patient to apply without clinical assistance.

Sensors and What Each One Tracks

Each component of a home sleep test device captures a distinct signal needed to identify apnea events.

The nasal cannula is a lightweight tube that sits just below your nostrils. It measures airflow by detecting changes in pressure as you inhale and exhale. Reduced or absent airflow signals indicate apneas (complete breathing pauses) and hypopneas (partial reductions in airflow).

The finger sensor, also called a pulse oximeter, clips onto your fingertip. It uses pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate continuously throughout the night. Drops in oxygen saturation below 90% are clinically significant and often correlate with apnea events. The oximeter also records heart rate variability, which helps differentiate between sleep stages and wakefulness.

The chest belt or chest strap wraps around your torso and measures breathing effort using a technology called respiratory inductance plethysmography. This sensor detects whether your chest and abdomen are expanding and contracting, which is essential for distinguishing obstructive sleep apnea from central sleep apnea. In obstructive events, the body continues making breathing effort against a blocked airway. In central events, breathing effort itself stops.

Some advanced devices, such as the WatchPAT ONE, use peripheral arterial tone technology instead of a traditional nasal cannula. The WatchPAT measures changes in the peripheral arterial tone signal at the fingertip, combined with actigraphy and oxygen saturation, to detect respiratory events. This design reduces the number of sensor wires and makes the device easier to wear.

What the Test Does Not Measure

A home sleep apnea test does not record brain waves (electroencephalography), eye movements (electro-oculography), or muscle activity (electromyography). These signals are part of a full polysomnography and are required to diagnose other sleep disorders such as insomnia, Night terrors, Sleepwalking, or periodic limb movement disorder. Because an HSAT does not measure brain and muscle activity, it cannot determine your exact sleep stages or calculate total sleep time with the same precision as an in-lab study.

DID YOU KNOW: According to the NIH, home sleep apnea tests have a sensitivity of approximately 79% to 96% for detecting moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, depending on the device and clinical population tested.

Step-by-Step: How to Complete a Home Sleep Test

1. Order your home sleep test through a provider or directly through dumbo.health for $149 with no insurance or prior authorization required.

2. Receive the portable unit by mail or pick it up from a provider in your area.

3. On your test night, attach the nasal cannula just below your nostrils and secure it lightly behind your ears.

4. Place the finger sensor on your index finger, ensuring a snug fit without restricting circulation.

5. Wrap the chest belt around your torso at nipple level, adjusting it so it is firm but comfortable.

6. Press the start button on the device and go to sleep in your normal bed at your normal time.

7. In the morning, remove all sensors, power off the device, and return it according to your provider's instructions.

8. A physician reviews your overnight data and generates a diagnostic report, typically within a few business days.

After completing these steps, your results go to a sleep specialist or physician for interpretation. If the test confirms obstructive sleep apnea, treatment planning begins immediately.

KEY TAKEAWAY: A home sleep apnea test uses a nasal cannula, finger sensor, and chest belt to record airflow, oxygen saturation, breathing effort, and heart rate overnight, providing the essential data a physician needs to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea.

Once you understand the equipment, the next question most people ask is what the results actually mean.

Understanding Your Home Sleep Test Results: AHI Score and Severity Levels

Home sleep test results are reported primarily through the Apnea-Hypopnea Index, a number that tells you how many times per hour your breathing was disrupted during the recording period. A physician reviews the raw data, applies clinical interpretation, and generates a diagnostic report.

What the Apnea-Hypopnea Index Means

The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) counts the average number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour of recording time. An apnea is a complete cessation of airflow lasting at least 10 seconds. A hypopnea is a partial reduction in airflow (typically 30% or more) lasting at least 10 seconds and accompanied by a drop in oxygen saturation of at least 3% or an arousal from sleep.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine classifies sleep apnea severity based on the AHI score:

- Normal: AHI below 5 events per hour

- Mild obstructive sleep apnea: AHI of 5 to 14 events per hour

- Moderate obstructive sleep apnea: AHI of 15 to 29 events per hour

- Severe obstructive sleep apnea: AHI of 30 or more events per hour

An AHI of 5 or higher combined with symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, or witnessed breathing pauses meets the diagnostic threshold for obstructive sleep apnea. An AHI of 15 or higher alone is diagnostic even without reported symptoms.

Beyond the AHI: Other Metrics in Your Report

Your physician's interpretation also considers oxygen saturation trends, including the lowest oxygen level recorded (nadir SpO2), the percentage of recording time spent below 90% saturation, and the oxygen desaturation index (the number of times per hour that oxygen drops by 3% or more). These values help quantify how severely your breathing disruptions affect blood oxygen levels and cardiovascular risk.

Heart rate data from the pulse oximeter provides additional context. Repeated oxygen desaturations followed by heart rate surges can indicate the autonomic stress that untreated sleep apnea places on the cardiovascular system. Cleveland Clinic notes that untreated moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.

Why Physician Interpretation Matters

Raw data from a home sleep test device requires expert interpretation. A sleep medicine specialist evaluates the data in the context of your symptoms, medical history, body mass index, and neck circumference. Automated device scoring can underestimate or overestimate the AHI because home sleep tests use recording time rather than actual sleep time as the denominator. If you were awake for two hours during the recording, the device does not know, which can dilute the AHI and make the result appear less severe than it truly is.

This is one reason the AASM recommends that inconclusive or negative home sleep test results in patients with high clinical suspicion should be followed by an in-lab polysomnography. dumbo.health care plans include physician interpretation and report generation, ensuring that your results are reviewed by a qualified clinician rather than relying solely on automated scoring.

IMPORTANT: A negative or normal home sleep test result does not definitively rule out sleep apnea if your symptoms are significant. Your physician may recommend follow-up testing in a sleep lab.

KEY TAKEAWAY: The Apnea-Hypopnea Index is the primary metric from a home sleep apnea test, with an AHI of 5 or higher plus symptoms confirming an obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis, and physician interpretation is essential for accurate results.

Knowing how results work naturally leads to the question of who should get tested and who might need a different approach.

Who Should Get a Home Sleep Apnea Test

Adults with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and no significant comorbidities are the best candidates for home sleep apnea testing. A provider may recommend an HSAT based on clinical assessment, screening questionnaires, or specific occupational requirements.

Common Symptoms That Prompt Testing

The most recognizable symptom of obstructive sleep apnea is loud, chronic snoring, particularly snoring that is interrupted by pauses and gasping. Other symptoms include excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate sleep duration, morning headaches, dry mouth upon waking, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and witnessed apneas reported by a bed partner.

The CDC estimates that 1 in 3 adults in the United States does not get the recommended minimum of 7 hours of sleep per night. For many of these individuals, the issue is not insufficient time in bed but disrupted sleep caused by an undiagnosed sleep disorder like obstructive sleep apnea.

Screening Criteria and Referral Pathways

Healthcare providers use validated screening tools such as the STOP-BANG questionnaire to assess pretest probability. A STOP-BANG score of 5 or higher indicates high probability for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Factors that increase risk include a BMI of 35 or higher, neck circumference greater than 17 inches in men or 16 inches in women, male sex, age over 50, and a family history of sleep apnea.

Commercial drivers undergoing DOT physical examinations may be referred for sleep apnea testing when the examining physician identifies risk factors such as a BMI over 35, a large neck circumference, or symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness. The FMCSA does not mandate universal sleep apnea screening but gives medical examiners discretion to require testing when clinical indicators are present. Drivers referred for testing can complete a home sleep test for CDL drivers through dumbo.health for $149 without insurance or prior authorization delays.

Who Is Not a Good Candidate

home sleep testing is not appropriate for every patient. The AASM recommends in-lab polysomnography rather than home sleep testing for patients with:

- Significant cardiopulmonary disease such as congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

- Suspected central sleep apnea, where the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing

- Suspected co-occurring sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, periodic limb movement disorder, or parasomnias

- Neuromuscular conditions affecting respiratory muscles

- Use of opioid medications that affect respiratory drive

For these patients, the additional data channels available in a polysomnogram (including electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, electromyography, and electro-oculography) are necessary for accurate diagnosis. A full polysomnography records brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heart rhythm, and video and audio monitoring in a supervised sleep lab setting.

KEY TAKEAWAY: home sleep apnea testing is appropriate for adults with moderate to high suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea and no significant comorbidities, while patients with complex medical histories or suspected central sleep apnea need in-lab polysomnography.

With eligibility clarified, the practical question becomes how home testing compares to the traditional in-lab sleep study.

Home Sleep Test vs. In-Lab Polysomnography: Which One Do You Need?

home sleep testing and in-lab polysomnography both diagnose sleep apnea, but they differ significantly in scope, cost, convenience, and diagnostic capability. Choosing the right test depends on your clinical profile and what your provider needs to evaluate.

A polysomnography (also called a polysomnogram) is the gold standard for sleep testing. It is conducted overnight in a sleep lab or sleep center under technician supervision. The patient is connected to an array of sensors including an electroencephalogram to measure brain waves, an electrooculogram for eye movements, an electromyogram for chin and leg muscle activity, an electrocardiogram for heart rhythm, respiratory sensors, a pulse oximeter, and body position monitors. Video and audio monitoring captures additional data about sleep behavior.

A home sleep apnea test, by contrast, uses a simplified portable unit with typically three to five sensor channels focused on respiratory and cardiovascular signals. It does not measure brain waves, electroencephalography signals, or muscle activity, and it cannot determine actual total sleep time with the same precision.

Structured Comparison: Home Sleep Test vs. Polysomnography

Setting

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: Your own bed at home

- polysomnography: Sleep lab or sleep center facility

Cost

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: Typically $149 to $500 out of pocket (dumbo.health offers the test for $149)

- polysomnography: Often $1,000 to $3,000 or more, depending on insurance and facility

Sensors Used

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: Nasal cannula, finger sensor (pulse oximetry), chest belt (respiratory effort)

- polysomnography: Electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram, electrocardiogram, nasal and oral airflow sensors, respiratory effort belts, pulse oximeter, body position sensor, video and audio monitoring

What It Diagnoses

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: Obstructive sleep apnea

- polysomnography: Obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, narcolepsy, periodic limb movement disorder, parasomnias, insomnia with objective data, and other sleep disorders

Convenience

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: High, no travel or overnight facility stay required

- Polysomnography: Low, requires scheduling, traveling to a sleep lab, and sleeping in an unfamiliar environment

Turnaround Time for Results

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: Typically 3 to 7 business days for physician interpretation

- Polysomnography: Typically 1 to 3 weeks depending on the facility

Who It Is Best For

- Home Sleep Apnea Test: Adults with moderate to high pretest probability for obstructive sleep apnea and no major comorbidities

- Polysomnography: Patients with suspected central sleep apnea, complex medical conditions, or inconclusive home test results

For most adults referred for sleep apnea evaluation, a home sleep apnea test is the appropriate starting point. It provides the diagnostic accuracy needed to confirm moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea at a fraction of the cost and inconvenience of an overnight lab stay. dumbo.health provides at-home sleep testing with physician interpretation, making it possible to get a clinical-grade diagnosis without visiting a sleep lab or navigating insurance pre-authorizations.

If your home sleep test results are negative but your symptoms remain concerning, your provider may then recommend an in-lab polysomnography as a follow-up.

KEY TAKEAWAY: A home sleep apnea test is the right first step for most adults with suspected obstructive sleep apnea, while polysomnography is reserved for complex cases, suspected central sleep apnea, or inconclusive home test results.

Cost is one of the biggest barriers to sleep testing, so understanding your options matters.

What a Home Sleep Apnea Test Costs and How to Pay Without Insurance

A home sleep apnea test typically costs between $149 and $500 when paid out of pocket, making it significantly more affordable than in-lab polysomnography. Many patients avoid testing because they assume insurance is required, but cash-pay options have made home sleep testing accessible to almost anyone.

Cost Breakdown

In-lab polysomnography can cost $1,000 to $3,000 or more depending on the facility, geographic location, and whether insurance covers the study. Even with insurance, copays, deductibles, and prior authorization requirements often delay the process by weeks or months. Sleep labs in urban areas tend to charge more than those in rural locations, and wait times for an available slot can extend several weeks.

home sleep testing eliminates many of these cost barriers. dumbo.health offers a home sleep test for $149 as a one-time cost. This includes the at-home sleep test device and one night of testing. No insurance is required, no prior authorization is needed, and there are no surprise bills. Patients who need FSA/HSA-eligible medical expenses can typically use those accounts for sleep testing and CPAP equipment.

Insurance, Medicare, and Self-Pay Considerations

Medicare and most commercial insurance plans do cover home sleep apnea tests when ordered by a qualified provider and when medical necessity criteria are met. However, insurance coverage often comes with administrative hurdles. Prior authorizations can take days or weeks. Some plans require a referral from a primary care physician to a sleep specialist before approving any sleep testing.

For patients who want to bypass these delays, self-pay through a platform like dumbo.health provides a faster path to diagnosis. Many commercial drivers, owner-operators, and uninsured individuals choose this route to avoid disruption to their work schedules. You can explore the self-pay options for DOT sleep testing to see how this works for CDL holders specifically.

What Happens After the Test

If your home sleep test confirms obstructive sleep apnea, the next step is treatment, which most commonly involves CPAP therapy. dumbo.health offers monthly plans that bundle physician interpretation, CPAP therapy and equipment, and follow-up care. The Essentials Plan starts at $59 per month (roughly $2 per day) with no contracts and the ability to cancel anytime. The Premium Plan at $89 per month adds a dedicated sleep coach and advanced adherence monitoring. The Elite Plan at $129 per month includes concierge clinical support and direct physician messaging.

TIP: If you have been putting off sleep testing because of cost or insurance barriers, a $149 home sleep test through dumbo.health with no insurance required removes the most common excuse for delay.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Home sleep apnea testing costs $149 to $500 out of pocket compared to $1,000 or more for in-lab polysomnography, and dumbo.health offers the test for $149 with no insurance, no prior authorization, and no surprise bills.

Affordability matters, but understanding what happens after a diagnosis is equally important.

Treatment Pathways After a Positive Home Sleep Test

CPAP therapy is the most effective and widely prescribed treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, and it is typically recommended immediately after a positive home sleep apnea test confirms the diagnosis. Treatment selection depends on the severity of your AHI score, your symptoms, and your clinical profile.

CPAP Therapy

CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure. A CPAP machine delivers a steady stream of pressurized air through a mask worn during sleep, keeping the airway open and preventing the collapse that causes apneas and hypopneas. The AASM recommends CPAP as the first-line treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

CPAP adherence is critical. Research published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine indicates that using CPAP for at least 4 hours per night on at least 70% of nights is the minimum threshold considered compliant by Medicare and most insurance providers. However, clinicians frequently observe that patients who use CPAP for 6 or more hours per night report the greatest improvement in daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, and cardiovascular risk reduction.

Choosing the right CPAP equipment involves selecting between Auto CPAP Machines (which automatically adjust pressure), Travel CPAP Machines (compact units for frequent travelers), and BiPAP/BiLevel Machines (which use different pressures for inhalation and exhalation, sometimes prescribed for patients who struggle with standard CPAP or who have co-existing conditions). Mask options include Full Face Masks, Nasal Masks, and Nasal Pillow Masks, each suited to different face shapes, breathing habits, and comfort preferences. CPAP Mask Kits, Mask Parts, Machine Parts, CPAP Batteries, and Cleaning Supplies are all part of ongoing maintenance.

dumbo.health bundles CPAP therapy and equipment into monthly plans so that patients do not face large upfront costs for equipment. The Essentials Plan at $59 per month includes the machine, mask, and standard follow-up care. The Premium Plan adds a licensed sleep coach for personalized adherence support.

Alternative Treatments

Not every patient tolerates or requires CPAP. Alternative treatments include:

- Oral appliances (also called dental appliances): custom-fitted mouthpieces that reposition the lower jaw and tongue to keep the airway open. These are most effective for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea and are typically fitted by a dentist trained in sleep medicine.

- Positional therapy: behavioral changes that keep the patient off their back during sleep, since supine sleeping worsens airway collapse for many people. Positional therapy may be sufficient for patients whose apnea occurs primarily in the supine position.

- Surgery: procedures that remove or reposition tissue in the airway, such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) or maxillomandibular advancement. Surgery is generally reserved for patients who have failed CPAP therapy and oral appliance therapy.

- Weight management: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute notes that a 10% reduction in body weight can produce a meaningful reduction in AHI for overweight and obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

- Medication is not a primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, though certain medications may be used to manage residual daytime sleepiness in patients already on CPAP.

A prescription is typically required for CPAP equipment and oral appliances. dumbo.health care plans include the physician oversight necessary to generate a prescription and manage ongoing treatment.

KEY TAKEAWAY: CPAP therapy is the first-line treatment after a positive home sleep apnea test, and dumbo.health provides CPAP equipment and ongoing care starting at $59 per month with no contracts, no insurance required, and the option to cancel anytime.

Treatment is one side of the equation. Knowing when home testing has limitations protects you from incomplete diagnosis.

Limitations and Risks of Home Sleep Apnea Testing

home sleep apnea testing is effective for most adults with suspected obstructive sleep apnea, but it has specific limitations that can affect diagnostic accuracy and may make it the wrong choice in certain clinical situations.

Limitation 1: Cannot Diagnose Central Sleep Apnea

Central sleep apnea occurs when the brain fails to send proper signals to the respiratory muscles, resulting in pauses in breathing effort. Because a home sleep test measures respiratory effort through a chest belt, it can detect whether effort is present during an apnea event. However, confirming central sleep apnea requires the full sensor array of a polysomnography, including electroencephalography to assess brain wave patterns and their relationship to respiratory events. Patients with heart failure, opioid use, or neurological conditions are at higher risk for central sleep apnea and should be tested in a sleep lab.

Limitation 2: May Underestimate Severity

Home sleep tests calculate the AHI using total recording time rather than total sleep time as the denominator. If you spend 8 hours wearing the device but only sleep for 5 of those hours, the AHI is calculated across 8 hours, which dilutes the number and can produce a falsely low result. A polysomnogram avoids this problem because brain wave monitoring (electroencephalography) allows technicians to determine exactly when you were asleep and when you were awake. Cedars-Sinai and other major sleep centers note that this underestimation effect can cause mild to moderate cases to appear normal on an HSAT.

Limitation 3: Sensor Displacement During Sleep

Home sleep test equipment can shift or disconnect during the night if a patient moves frequently, sleeps restlessly, or unconsciously removes the nasal cannula. When this happens, portions of the recording become unusable, potentially requiring a repeat test night. In a supervised sleep lab, a technician monitors the equipment in real time and can reattach sensors immediately. At home, there is no such oversight.

Limitation 4: Not Suitable for All Sleep Disorders

An HSAT is designed specifically for obstructive sleep apnea. It does not diagnose sleep conditions such as narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, parasomnias like Night terrors or Sleepwalking, or sleep-disordered breathing patterns other than obstructive events. If your provider suspects a sleep disorder beyond obstructive sleep apnea, an in-lab polysomnography with full electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and electrooculogram monitoring is necessary.

How dumbo.health Addresses These Limitations

dumbo.health mitigates the most common limitation of home sleep testing by including physician interpretation in all care plans. A physician reviews every recording for data quality, artifact, and clinical context rather than relying solely on automated device scoring. If a home sleep test result is inconclusive or does not match clinical suspicion, the care team can recommend follow-up in-lab testing or alternative evaluation through telehealth consultation. This physician oversight layer is what separates a medically supervised home sleep test from a consumer Sleep Tracking device purchased off a website.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Home sleep apnea tests cannot diagnose central sleep apnea, may underestimate severity due to the recording time limitation, are vulnerable to sensor displacement, and do not detect non-respiratory sleep disorders, making physician interpretation and follow-up essential.

Understanding limitations helps you make an informed decision. Seeing how real people navigate this process makes it even more practical.

Real-World Scenarios: Who Gets a Home Sleep Apnea Test and Why

home sleep apnea testing serves a wide range of people with different motivations and clinical circumstances. These scenarios illustrate how the test fits into real diagnostic pathways.

Common Scenarios

Scenario 1: A 48-year-old long-haul truck driver with a BMI of 38 is flagged during a DOT physical examination. The examining physician notes a neck circumference of 18 inches and reports of daytime fatigue. The driver is referred for sleep apnea testing before his medical certificate can be renewed. Rather than waiting weeks for a sleep lab appointment, the driver orders a home sleep test through dumbo.health for $149 and completes the test the same week. His results show an AHI of 22, confirming moderate obstructive sleep apnea. He begins CPAP therapy through the dumbo.health Essentials Plan at $59 per month and provides his compliance data to the DOT examiner for recertification.

Scenario 2: A 55-year-old woman has been told by her partner that she snores loudly and occasionally stops breathing during sleep. She wakes up most mornings with a headache and feels exhausted by mid-afternoon despite sleeping 7 to 8 hours. Her primary care provider orders a home sleep apnea test after a STOP-BANG screening score of 6. She completes the test at home and receives a report showing an AHI of 34, indicating severe obstructive sleep apnea with a lowest oxygen saturation of 78%. Her physician prescribes CPAP therapy, and she selects the dumbo.health Premium Plan for $89 per month, which includes a dedicated sleep coach to help her adapt to wearing a mask at night.

Scenario 3: A 32-year-old software engineer experiences chronic fatigue, poor concentration, and irritability. He does not snore loudly and has a BMI of 26, which is within the normal to slightly overweight range. His provider orders a home sleep test based on symptoms alone. The HSAT result shows an AHI of 3, which is within the normal range. Despite the normal result, his symptoms persist. His sleep medicine specialist recommends an in-lab polysomnography to evaluate for other possible sleep disorders such as upper airway resistance syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder, conditions that a home test cannot detect.

These scenarios demonstrate that home sleep apnea testing works well as a first-line diagnostic tool for straightforward obstructive sleep apnea but has clear boundaries. The critical variable in every scenario is physician oversight and the willingness to pursue further testing when results do not match the clinical picture.

KEY TAKEAWAY: home sleep apnea testing serves commercial drivers needing DOT clearance, adults with classic sleep apnea symptoms, and anyone with suspected obstructive sleep apnea, though inconclusive results should always prompt follow-up with a sleep specialist.

With real scenarios in mind, it helps to separate common fears from clinical reality.

Common Myths About Home Sleep Apnea Tests Debunked

MYTH: Home sleep apnea tests are not accurate enough to be clinically useful.

FACT: Home sleep tests have demonstrated sensitivity ranging from 79% to 96% for detecting moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, according to research reviewed by the NIH. The AASM endorses home sleep apnea testing as clinically appropriate for adults with a moderate to high pretest probability of obstructive sleep apnea and no significant comorbidities. While less comprehensive than polysomnography, the test provides sufficient data for a qualified physician to make an accurate diagnosis in the majority of straightforward cases.

MYTH: You need a doctor's referral and insurance approval before you can take a home sleep test.

FACT: While a physician order is required for a medically valid home sleep test, insurance approval is not mandatory when paying out of pocket. dumbo.health provides home sleep tests for $149 on a cash-pay basis with no insurance required and no prior authorization. A physician reviews every test, maintaining clinical validity without the administrative delays that insurance-based pathways often create.

MYTH: If your home sleep test comes back normal, you definitely do not have sleep apnea.

FACT: A normal HSAT result does not always rule out sleep apnea. Because home tests use total recording time rather than total sleep time to calculate the AHI, the result can underestimate severity. The AASM recommends that patients with high clinical suspicion and a negative home test undergo in-lab polysomnography for a definitive assessment. Mayo Clinic also notes that positional factors, one-night variability, and sensor displacement can all affect a single night's recording.

MYTH: CPAP is the only treatment option if your test shows sleep apnea.

FACT: CPAP is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, but alternatives exist. Oral appliances, positional therapy, weight management, and in some cases surgery are viable options depending on severity and individual factors. Mild obstructive sleep apnea may respond to behavioral changes and a dental appliance alone. A sleep medicine specialist helps determine the best approach based on your AHI score, symptoms, and medical history.

MYTH: Home sleep tests are the same as consumer sleep trackers.

FACT: Consumer Sleep Tracking devices such as wrist-worn fitness trackers and smart rings measure movement and estimate sleep stages using accelerometers. They do not measure airflow, respiratory effort, or oxygen saturation with clinical-grade accuracy. A home sleep apnea test is a regulated medical device that records the specific physiological signals needed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea. The data from an HSAT is interpreted by a physician and used to guide clinical treatment decisions, which no consumer tracker can replace.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Home sleep apnea tests are clinically validated, do not require insurance, and provide physician-grade diagnostic data that consumer sleep trackers cannot match, though negative results in symptomatic patients should always be followed up with additional evaluation.

Clearing up myths is important, but preparation is what actually determines whether your test night produces usable data.

How to Prepare for Your Home Sleep Apnea Test

Proper preparation increases the likelihood of getting a clean, usable recording on your first test night. Most preparation steps are simple but make a measurable difference in data quality.

Pre-Test Night Checklist

- Confirm your test night is a typical sleep night, not one following unusual activity, travel, or alcohol consumption

- Avoid caffeine after noon on the day of your test

- Avoid alcohol on the day and evening of your test, as it relaxes airway muscles and can alter results

- Do not take sedative medication unless prescribed and discussed with your provider

- Shower before bed but do not apply lotion to your hands, as it can interfere with the finger sensor reading

- Trim or file fingernails if they are long enough to prevent proper finger sensor placement

- Remove nail polish or acrylic nails from the finger where the pulse oximeter will be placed, as coatings can interfere with oxygen saturation readings

- Read all setup instructions included with the device before your test night

- Charge the device if applicable, or confirm battery life is sufficient for one full night of recording

- Complete the free sleep assessment at dumbo.health to determine whether a home sleep test is the right starting point for your symptoms

- Set your phone to silent mode to minimize disruptions during the recording period

Following these steps helps ensure that the data recorded is representative of your typical sleep and that sensor readings are accurate throughout the night.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and lotions on your hands, confirming sensor fit, and sleeping on a typical night are the most important steps to ensure your home sleep test produces a reliable recording.

Preparation covers the practical side. A broader view of how home sleep testing fits into the larger sleep medicine landscape rounds out your understanding.

Where Home Sleep Apnea Testing Fits in Sleep Medicine

home sleep apnea testing has become the most common entry point for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea in adults, reshaping how sleep medicine teams evaluate and treat sleep-disordered breathing. The growth of home sleep studies reflects broader trends in telehealth, patient-centered care, and value-based medicine.

The Shift Away from Sleep Labs

Before the widespread adoption of home sleep testing, virtually all sleep apnea diagnoses required an overnight stay in a sleep lab. Patients had to schedule an appointment at a facility, sleep in an unfamiliar environment with extensive sensor wires attached to their scalp, face, chest, and limbs, and wait weeks for results and interpretation. The experience itself often disrupted sleep, potentially affecting the accuracy of the polysomnogram.

The AASM first published guidelines supporting home sleep apnea testing for uncomplicated obstructive sleep apnea in 2007 and has since expanded its recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated adoption as sleep labs temporarily closed or operated at reduced capacity, pushing providers and patients toward at-home alternatives. Many patients and medical professionals discovered that home sleep studies produced clinically adequate data for straightforward obstructive sleep apnea without the cost and inconvenience of an in-lab stay.

Telehealth and Remote Sleep Care

Telehealth has extended the reach of sleep medicine beyond traditional sleep centers. Patients in rural areas or regions without a nearby sleep specialist can now complete a home sleep test, have results interpreted by a board-certified physician remotely, receive a CPAP prescription, and begin treatment without ever visiting a physical facility.

dumbo.health operates on this model. The sleep apnea care solutions platform combines home sleep testing, remote physician interpretation, CPAP therapy, and ongoing adherence monitoring into a single coordinated pathway. This approach is particularly valuable for commercial drivers who spend extended periods away from home and cannot easily schedule in-person appointments at a sleep center close to them.

home sleep apnea testing is a diagnostic tool that measures airflow, oxygen saturation, breathing effort, and heart rate during one night of sleep in the patient's own bed. The data is reviewed by a physician who calculates the Apnea-Hypopnea Index to determine whether obstructive sleep apnea is present and at what severity level. Home sleep testing does not replace polysomnography for complex cases but serves as the standard first-line assessment for most adults suspected of having obstructive sleep apnea.

Sleep Tracking Technology vs. Medical Sleep Testing

The rise of consumer Sleep Masks and wearable Sleep Tracking devices has increased public awareness of sleep health but has also created confusion about what constitutes a valid sleep apnea test. Consumer devices estimate sleep stages using motion detection and sometimes heart rate variability, but they do not measure airflow or breathing effort and cannot calculate a clinically valid AHI score. No consumer sleep tracker has FDA clearance for diagnosing sleep apnea.

A home sleep apnea test is a fundamentally different category of device. It is a regulated medical assessment that produces data a physician uses to make a clinical diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. Understanding this distinction prevents patients from relying on a fitness tracker to rule out a potentially serious health condition.

KEY TAKEAWAY: Home sleep apnea testing has become the standard first-line diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, supported by telehealth platforms like dumbo.health that deliver clinical-grade testing and treatment without requiring in-person sleep lab visits.

Conclusion

A home sleep apnea test gives you a clear, clinically validated answer about whether obstructive sleep apnea is affecting your health, your safety, and your quality of life. The test is simple, the data is reviewed by a physician, and the results drive specific treatment decisions. If you have been experiencing loud snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, or breathing pauses during sleep, testing is the logical first step. Delaying diagnosis puts your cardiovascular health at risk and, for commercial drivers, can jeopardize your livelihood. dumbo.health makes the entire pathway straightforward: a $149 home sleep test with no insurance required, physician interpretation, and CPAP therapy plans starting at $59 per month with no contracts and the freedom to cancel anytime.

Frequently Asked Questions About Home Sleep Apnea Tests

What is a home sleep apnea test?

A home sleep apnea test (HSAT) is a simplified, portable sleep study you complete in your own bed. It measures breathing patterns, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, airflow, and snoring intensity overnight to help identify signs of obstructive sleep apnea. A qualified physician or sleep specialist then reviews the recorded data and generates a report. Unlike a full in-lab sleep study, an HSAT does not measure brain waves or muscle activity, but it is widely used as a first-line evaluation for suspected obstructive sleep apnea in adults.

What does a home sleep apnea test measure?

A home sleep apnea test typically measures airflow through a nasal cannula, blood oxygen saturation using a pulse oximeter or finger sensor, heart rate, breathing effort using a chest belt or respiratory inductive plethysmography, and snoring intensity. Some devices, such as the WatchPAT ONE, also measure peripheral arterial tone to detect breathing disruptions. The data collected is used to calculate the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which reflects how many breathing interruptions occur per hour of sleep. The AHI score is the primary measure used by clinicians when evaluating sleep-disordered breathing.

What is the difference between a home sleep apnea test and an in-lab sleep study?

A home sleep apnea test is a portable, simplified device you use at home, while an in-lab sleep study, also called polysomnography, is performed in a sleep lab under direct clinical supervision. Polysomnography measures a broader range of signals including brain waves via electroencephalogram, eye movements via electrooculogram, muscle activity via electromyogram, heart activity via electrocardiogram, and video and audio monitoring. In-lab studies are considered the gold standard but are more expensive and less convenient. Home sleep tests are appropriate for many adults with a moderate to high likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea, but a sleep medicine specialist can advise which option is appropriate for your situation.

Is a home sleep apnea test as accurate as an in-lab sleep study?

For detecting moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in otherwise healthy adults, home sleep apnea tests are considered clinically reliable. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine supports the use of HSATs as an appropriate diagnostic option for uncomplicated adult patients. However, home tests can underestimate the severity of sleep apnea because they record time worn rather than actual sleep time, which may lower the measured AHI score. In-lab polysomnography remains more accurate for complex cases, for detecting central sleep apnea, or when other sleep disorders such as insomnia, night terrors, or sleepwalking are suspected.

Who should consider a home sleep apnea test?

A home sleep apnea test is generally appropriate for adults who have symptoms suggesting obstructive sleep apnea, such as loud snoring, witnessed breathing pauses, excessive daytime sleepiness, or waking with a dry mouth, sore throat, or headache. It is typically recommended for people with a moderate to high clinical likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea who do not have significant heart failure, severe lung disease, or other complex sleep disorders. A healthcare professional can help determine whether home sleep testing is an appropriate first step based on your symptoms and medical history.

Who should not take a home sleep apnea test?

Home sleep apnea tests are not appropriate for everyone. People with complex medical conditions such as heart failure, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or neuromuscular disorders may require a full in-lab sleep study. Home tests are also not well suited for detecting sleep disorders other than obstructive sleep apnea, including central sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, sleepwalking, or night terrors. Children are generally not evaluated with home sleep tests. A sleep medicine specialist or qualified physician should assess whether a home test or in-lab polysomnography is the more appropriate option for your circumstances.

What sleep disorders can a home sleep apnea test detect?

Home sleep apnea tests are designed primarily to detect obstructive sleep apnea. They measure breathing patterns, oxygen saturation, airflow, and respiratory effort to identify apnea and hypopnea events and calculate the apnea-hypopnea index. Home tests are not designed to diagnose central sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, sleepwalking, or night terrors. If your clinician suspects a sleep disorder beyond obstructive sleep apnea, a full in-lab polysomnogram that captures brain waves, muscle activity, and eye movements is typically recommended instead.

How does a home sleep apnea test work?

A home sleep apnea test device is shipped to your home or collected from a provider. On test night, you attach the sensors, which typically include a nasal cannula for airflow, a finger sensor or pulse oximeter for oxygen saturation and heart rate, and a chest belt for breathing effort. You sleep as normally as possible while the device records overnight data. The following day you return or mail back the device. A physician or sleep specialist then interprets the recorded data and produces a report. Some devices record data automatically, while others require you to initiate recording before sleep.

Do I need a prescription for a home sleep apnea test?

In most cases, yes. A home sleep apnea test is a medical diagnostic device, and physician oversight is typically required for proper interpretation and clinical use of the results. Some providers and care platforms include physician review as part of the testing process. At dumbo.health, physician interpretation is included as part of the testing and care workflow, so you do not need to arrange a separate clinical consultation before ordering your at-home sleep test.

How do I prepare for a home sleep apnea test?

Preparing for a home sleep apnea test is straightforward. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and sedatives on the day of your test, as these can affect breathing patterns and sleep quality. Follow the specific setup instructions provided with your device carefully. Wear comfortable sleep clothing that allows the chest belt and sensors to fit securely. Try to sleep in your normal position rather than changing your routine. If your device uses a nasal cannula, ensure your nose is clear. You do not need to change your bedtime. Most people complete a home sleep test in a single night, though a second night may sometimes be requested.

Can I use the bathroom during a home sleep apnea test?

Yes. You can get up to use the bathroom during a home sleep apnea test. Most devices continue recording when you are out of bed. Some devices allow you to pause recording and resume, while others record continuously and note movement through the data. A clinician reviewing your results can typically account for time spent out of bed when interpreting the data. If you are concerned about disturbing the sensors, check the specific instructions included with your device.

What if I cannot sleep well during a home sleep apnea test?

Getting less sleep than usual during a home sleep apnea test is common. Most devices record enough usable data from even a few hours of sleep to allow physician interpretation. However, if you sleep very little or the sensors are significantly disrupted, your results may be inconclusive and a repeat test may be needed. Some care platforms, including those offering a second test night option, can accommodate this. A clinician reviewing your data will assess whether the recording is sufficient for a reliable interpretation.

How soon will I get my home sleep apnea test results?

Results timelines vary depending on the provider and care platform. Many at-home sleep test providers return physician-interpreted results within a few business days of receiving the device data. Some platforms offer priority turnaround for patients who need results more quickly. The dumbo.health Premium and Elite plans include priority results turnaround. A healthcare professional should review your results and discuss next steps before treatment decisions are made.

How much does a home sleep apnea test cost?

The cost of a home sleep apnea test varies depending on the provider, whether insurance is involved, and what is included in the price. dumbo.health offers a one-time at-home sleep test for $149 with transparent cash-pay pricing and no insurance required. This covers the test device and one night of testing. Physician interpretation and ongoing care, including CPAP therapy, equipment, and adherence follow-up, are covered separately through monthly plans starting at $59 per month. There are no contracts and no surprise bills. You can review sleep apnea care options to find the level of support that fits your situation.

Is an at-home sleep apnea test covered by insurance?

Home sleep apnea tests are covered by many insurance plans, including Medicare, when ordered by a physician and when clinical criteria are met. However, insurance coverage depends on your specific plan, your diagnosis codes, and whether the provider is in-network. Prior authorizations, referrals, and documentation requirements often apply. Some patients find cash-pay options more convenient and predictable. dumbo.health is a cash-pay service with no insurance required and no prior authorizations, which may suit patients who prefer clear, upfront pricing without waiting for insurance approvals.

Can FSA or HSA funds be used for a home sleep apnea test?

Sleep apnea testing is generally considered a qualifying medical expense, which means FSA and HSA funds can often be used to cover the cost of a home sleep apnea test and related treatment. Eligibility depends on your specific FSA or HSA account terms. It is worth checking with your plan administrator to confirm coverage before purchasing. Many patients use FSA or HSA funds to cover the cost of testing, CPAP equipment, and ongoing care as part of their overall sleep apnea management.

What is the apnea-hypopnea index and how is it used?

The apnea-hypopnea index, or AHI, is the primary measure used to assess the severity of sleep apnea. It represents the average number of breathing interruptions, including full pauses called apneas and partial reductions in airflow called hypopneas, per hour of sleep. An AHI of fewer than five events per hour is generally considered normal in adults. Five to fourteen events per hour typically indicates mild sleep apnea, fifteen to twenty-nine indicates moderate sleep apnea, and thirty or more indicates severe sleep apnea. According to the NHLBI, sleep apnea severity based on the AHI guides treatment decisions, including whether CPAP therapy is recommended.

What is the WatchPAT ONE and how does it work?

The WatchPAT ONE is a single-use, FDA-cleared home sleep apnea test device that uses peripheral arterial tone technology to measure sleep-disordered breathing. Unlike traditional HSAT devices that primarily use nasal cannula and chest belt sensors, the WatchPAT ONE uses a wrist-worn unit and a finger sensor to measure peripheral arterial tone, oxygen saturation, heart rate, body position, and actigraphy. It estimates true sleep time using the peripheral arterial tone signal, which can produce a more accurate AHI calculation compared to devices that rely solely on recording time. A physician still reviews and interprets the data before a clinical report is generated.

How does a home sleep apnea test help diagnose obstructive sleep apnea?

A home sleep apnea test captures overnight breathing data that a physician or sleep specialist uses to calculate the apnea-hypopnea index and assess oxygen saturation patterns. If the AHI meets the clinical threshold for obstructive sleep apnea and the recorded oxygen saturation shows repeated drops, a diagnosis may be supported. The physician's interpretation takes into account the patient's symptoms, risk factors, and the quality of the recorded data. A home sleep test alone does not diagnose sleep apnea. It is one component of a clinical evaluation that should be reviewed by a qualified healthcare professional before treatment begins.

How many times can someone take a home sleep apnea test?

There is no fixed limit on the number of home sleep apnea tests a person can take, but repeat testing is typically done only when the initial test produces inconclusive results, when symptoms change significantly, or when a clinician needs to reassess treatment outcomes. A second test night may be arranged if the first recording was disrupted or insufficient. Treatment response to CPAP therapy may also be monitored through device data rather than repeat sleep testing in most cases. A healthcare professional can advise whether repeat testing is appropriate in your situation.

How does a home sleep apnea test relate to heart health?

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, untreated sleep apnea has been linked to high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, and an increased risk of heart disease. During each apnea event, oxygen saturation drops and stress responses are activated, placing repeated strain on the cardiovascular system. A home sleep apnea test measures oxygen saturation and breathing disruptions overnight, which can reveal the degree of oxygen desaturation associated with these events. If you have heart failure or significant cardiovascular conditions, a clinician may recommend in-lab testing rather than a home study.

What happens after I receive my home sleep apnea test results?

After a physician interprets your home sleep apnea test results, you will receive a clinical report explaining your AHI score, oxygen saturation patterns, and any identified signs of sleep-disordered breathing. If sleep apnea is identified, a clinician will typically discuss treatment options, which most commonly include CPAP therapy. Your report may also be shared with your referring provider or primary care physician. dumbo.health monthly plans include physician interpretation, CPAP therapy and equipment, adherence monitoring, and provider updates, so you can move from testing to treatment within the same care workflow.

What is CPAP therapy and when is it recommended after a home sleep apnea test?

CPAP, which stands for continuous positive airway pressure, is the most commonly recommended treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. A CPAP machine delivers a continuous stream of pressurised air through a mask to keep the airway open during sleep, preventing apnea and hypopnea events. CPAP therapy is typically recommended when the AHI score from a sleep study meets the clinical threshold for moderate or severe sleep apnea. Mild sleep apnea may be managed with oral appliances, positional therapy, behavioral changes, or other interventions depending on the clinical assessment. A healthcare professional should guide treatment decisions based on your test results.

Why does CPAP adherence matter and how is it monitored?

CPAP adherence refers to how consistently and for how long a patient uses their CPAP device each night. Poor adherence limits the clinical benefit of therapy and can leave sleep apnea inadequately treated. For commercial drivers and other patients with adherence documentation requirements, consistent CPAP use is especially important. Modern CPAP machines store usage data that can be reviewed by a clinician or care team. dumbo.health Premium and Elite plans include advanced adherence monitoring and dedicated sleep coaching to help patients stay consistent with therapy and address common barriers such as mask fit, comfort, and pressure tolerance.

Can commercial drivers and CDL holders take a home sleep apnea test?

Yes. Commercial drivers and CDL holders who are referred for sleep apnea evaluation can use a home sleep apnea test as part of their clinical assessment. Sleep apnea is a significant consideration in DOT fitness-for-duty evaluations because untreated sleep apnea can impair alertness and increase crash risk. A certified medical examiner makes DOT certification decisions and may consider symptoms, risk factors, test results, and documented CPAP adherence. dumbo.health can support testing and ongoing care documentation for commercial drivers, but it does not guarantee DOT certification or medical clearance. Learn more at the home sleep apnea test for CDL drivers guide.

How does sleep apnea testing affect DOT certification for commercial drivers?

If a certified medical examiner identifies risk factors or symptoms suggesting sleep apnea during a DOT physical, a driver may be referred for formal sleep apnea evaluation before a medical certificate is issued or renewed. According to the FMCSA, medical examiners are responsible for determining whether a commercial driver meets federal medical standards. Completing a home sleep apnea test, receiving physician interpretation, and demonstrating CPAP adherence can support a driver's case when returning to their examiner, but the examiner makes the final certification decision. dumbo.health can support documentation and ongoing care workflows for drivers navigating this process.

How do I get started with a home sleep apnea test?

The first step is typically a brief sleep assessment to review your symptoms and confirm whether at-home sleep testing is appropriate for your situation. You can start with a free sleep assessment at dumbo.health to see whether an at-home sleep test may be a reasonable next step. If appropriate, the $149 home sleep test includes the device and one night of testing. Monthly plans for ongoing care, including physician interpretation, CPAP therapy, and adherence support, start at $59 per month with no contracts and no insurance required. If you have severe symptoms, chest pain, significant breathing difficulties, or urgent health concerns, seek medical care promptly rather than beginning with a home test.

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